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The Pakistan-Saudi Defence Pact: An Islamic Perspective
On September 17, 2025, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement, pledging joint military cooperation and a commitment to respond collectively to external threats. While widely discussed in geopolitical circles, this agreement also invites reflection from an Islamic perspective, particularly regarding the principles of unity, justice, and mutual defence.
Islam emphasizes the spiritual and political brotherhood among believers, as stated in the Qur’an: “The believers are but brothers…” (Surah Al-Hujurat, 49:10). This pact between two major Muslim nations reflects that brotherhood in action, aiming to strengthen solidarity and protect shared interests. The Qur’an also encourages cooperation in righteousness and not in wrongdoing: “Cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, 5:2). Since the pact is defensive and not aggressive in nature, it can be seen as aligning with this principle.
Furthermore, Islam considers the defence of the Muslim Ummah a collective obligation (fard kifayah). The Qur’an calls on believers to stand up for the oppressed and protect the vulnerable: “Why should you not fight in the cause of Allah and for the oppressed…?” (Surah An-Nisa, 4:75). This agreement could serve as a framework for coordinated action to fulfill that responsibility when any part of the Muslim world faces external threats.
Saudi Arabia’s role as custodian of Islam’s two holiest sites—Masjid al-Haram in Makkah and Masjid an-Nabawi in Madinah—adds further weight to the pact. Strengthening its security is of religious significance to the global Muslim community. Additionally, the agreement may represent a step toward greater strategic independence among Muslim nations, reducing overreliance on non-Muslim powers. This resonates with the Qur’anic instruction: “Do not take the disbelievers as allies instead of the believers…” (Surah An-Nisa, 4:144).
In conclusion, the Pakistan–Saudi defence pact can be justified within the framework of Islamic principles, provided it remains defensive, serves justice, and contributes to the unity and protection of the Muslim Ummah. Its legitimacy lies not only in its terms but in the intentions and actions that follow.
M.N.Pervaiz - CT B3
