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The Bosnian War
The Bosnian war is arguably the most devastating conflict that has taken place in Europe post WW2. Taking place in 1992, the war lasted almost 4 years till it ended in 1995. The war sparked after the collapse of Yugoslavia, which led to power struggles between Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats.
The cause of the war comes down to the dissolution of the state of Yugoslavia in 1991 after republics, Slovenia and Croatia declared independence. This caused Bosnia and Herzegovina to declare independence following a referendum. At the time Bosnia did not have a clear ethnic majority. After Bosnia and Herzegovina declared their independence, Bosnian Serbs began to become anxious, fearing marginalization.
With Serbia’s support, Bosnian Serbs began to take up lands for themselves, causing clashes between the two groups, fueled by external powers and propaganda.
The war is known for its many atrocities and counts of ethnic cleansing. For reference the Siege of Sarajevo, a 4 year long siege, on the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina carried out mainly by Bosnian Serbs. The siege is the longest lasting siege in modern history (post industrial revolution).
Another instance is the Massacre of Srebenica, where 8000+ Bosniak men and boys were killed by Bosnian Serb forces which was later recognized a genocide by the International Courts.
Massacre of Srebrenica
On 11 July 1995, Bosnian Serb Forces, forcefully occupied UN ‘safe’ area of Srebrenica (Eastern Bosnia), and killed over 8000 bosniak men and boys, and expelling most bosniak women to Bosnian held territory.The response to the massacre is often considered a failure, Bosnian forces were outmatched and cut off from the enclave of Srebrenica, and UN forces responded far too slowly. A report from the UN in 1999, formally admitted to ‘failing’ to protect the safe zone, by failing to provide enough troops and resources to protect it.
Ultimately, massacre contributed to a large scale UN response, including a NATO response to bosnian serb forces/
The war ended with the Dayton Agreement, which kept Bosnia and Herzegovina as a single state,and split the state into separate province-like entities.
